According to the novel, Piya and Kanai’s experiences establish that spoken and written languages are inadequate means of communication, especially compared to a shared visual or emotional language, such as fear. Because Piya speaks no Hindi or Bengali but works in a remote part of India where few people speak English, she must realize that she does not necessarily need a common language for her work. For her, visual cues are far more effective than words. Although Piya begins her work on a Forest Service boat, she then abandons the organization as soon as possible– even though she can communicate well with the forest guard and the boat pilot through gestures and mime, they show little to no interest in listening to her. This is an early example of how sharing a language of some sort does not guarantee effective communication between two people. Respect and a genuine desire to connect are necessary for understanding other people, two qualities that are clearly lacking in Forest Service officials toward Piya. Fokir, who is a local fisherman who does not speak English, saves Piya from the Forest Service, and it soon becomes clear to her they do not need to speak the same language. Through gestures, drawings, and laminated flashcards with pictures of the dolphins she is looking for, she communicates with Fokir, and despite the language barrier, he willingly helps her complete her research.
In discovering the limits of spoken and written language, Kanai undergoes the greatest transformation. While he is proficient in six languages, he does not learn what the locals insist is the true language of the Sundarbans: the emotional language of fear. The locals, including Fokir, Nilima, and Horen, a fisherman, explain that, according to local wisdom, even saying the word tiger is to invoke the beast itself they suggest that words can evoke the same visual reality as Piya begins to demonstrate with her dolphin flash cards. When Kanai comes face-to-face with a tiger, he confronts a reality that is far more terrifying and real than any words could ever describe. It is evident that language fails him, both spoken and, in his head, and instead, the tiger becomes “an artifact of pure intuition, a reality that it could not even have dreamed of existing so intensely.” In this experience, Kanai learns that fear is like language, as it is something one internalizes and uses to comprehend one’s surroundings.

