1-McCormack, M. B., & Bibliography Algarin. , “Your god is a racist, sexist, homophobic, and a misogynist our god is change”: Ishmael Reed, Octavia Butler and Afrofuturist critiques of (black) American religion, Black Theology, Taylor & Francis, 2016, Pages 6-27
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14769948.2015.1131503
2-Tweedy Clarence, The Anointed: Countering Dystopia with Faith in Octavia Butler’s Parable of the Sower and Parable of the Talents, Americana: The Journal of American Popular Culture (1900-present), 2014, Volume 13, Issue 1
https://www.americanpopularculture.com/journal/articles/spring_2014/tweedy.htm
3-Kouhestani Maryam, Environmental and Social Crises: New Perspective on Social and Environmental Injustice in Octavia E. Butler’s Parable of the Sower, International Journal of Social Science and Humanity, 2015, Vol. 5, No. 10
https://asset-pdf.scinapse.io/prod/2048487019/2048487019.pdf
4-Melzer, Patricia. All that You Touch You Change: Utopian Desire and the Concept of
Change in Octavia Butler’s Parable of the Sower and Parable of the Talents, FemSpec, ProQuest, 2002, Vol 3 No 3
https://www.proquest.com/docview/200082635?pq-origsite=gscholar&fromopenview=true
5-Mercedes Alayna, Octavia E Butler’s Earth Seed and God of Change, Bridgewater State University, 2022
https://vc.bridgew.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1563&context=honors_proj
6-Govan Sandra, Parable of the Sower as rendered by Octavia Butler: Lessons for our changing times, FemSpec, ProQuest, 2003, Vol 4, No 2, pp239,
https://www.proquest.com/docview/200166258?pq-origsite=gscholar&fromopenview=true
While doing the research part of the final project, I was focused on finding articles that spoke about religion within the novel Parable of the Sower. My original question seemed too vague, so it made my process of finding articles a bit longer. I used keywords such as “religion” and “God” but the results were less than stellar for my essay. I consulted google scholar and Jstor, until I found some articles that went with my question. The more I read, the more I solidified my research question, making it more specific compared to before. I then started looking for articles that also related to the second topic of my question, in this case being black theology and feminism. I want to explore how they affect the religion of “Earth Seed” within the novel and what it tries to present to us in the novel.


Cogent account of how the process of research can feed back into the research question. The list of cites looks good; your challenge will now be to figure out which voices will predominate and how you can assemble them into some kind of “conversation.”